In the face of an overwhelming economic, political, and social crisis, many Cubans are turning to Uruguay as a new place of refuge. As Cuba grapples with rampant inflation, severe shortages of food and medicine, lengthy power outages, and increasing repression, an ever-growing number of Cubans are seeking alternatives abroad. The southern part of the continent is now seen as a viable option for many.
Among those who have chosen this path is Jorge Zamora, a 32-year-old native of Guantánamo. Unlike many who take the perilous journey to the United States, Zamora opted for Uruguay after spending five months in Brazil. He has since settled in Montevideo, where he opened a small grocery store. "I spent five months in Brazil, but the wages weren't enough to support my family back home. That's why I'm here," he told AFP, while arranging fruits and vegetables in his shop, which also doubles as a barbershop.
The Growth of the Cuban Community in Uruguay
Uruguay, with a population of 3.4 million and the highest GDP per capita in the region, has seen a significant influx of Cuban immigrants. Official data reveals that between 2012 and 2023, Cubans accounted for 20% of newcomers, amounting to approximately 12,400 individuals. In 2022 alone, the enrollment of Cuban children in schools skyrocketed by 388% compared to 2018, indicating the arrival of entire families in search of stability.
By 2024, over 20,000 Cubans had applied for refugee status in Uruguay. According to Nicolás Albertoni, the Deputy Secretary of Foreign Affairs, the need for a visa to enter the country has led many to seek refuge status as a means to remain in Uruguay.
María del Carmen Pupo, who emigrated from Cuba five years ago and now offers legal advice to fellow Cubans, attests to the growing community. "I receive so many inquiries that I can no longer handle them on my own," she states, highlighting Uruguay's unique advantages over other destinations, such as security, open immigration policies, legal stability, and employment opportunities.
Enrique López, a 54-year-old Cuban migrant, arrived in Uruguay in January 2025 after spending two years in Suriname. He explains that his move was driven by the ease of sending money back to Cuba and the swift process of obtaining necessary documents.
While the majority of Cuban migrants still aspire to reach the United States, the Trump administration's immigration policies and the inherent risks of the journey have prompted some to seek safer and more affordable alternatives. Emigrating to the U.S. can cost up to $10,000 per person, whereas relocating to Uruguay requires approximately $3,200. For many, Uruguay is more than just a stepping stone to North America—it's becoming a permanent home.
Insights into Cuban Migration to Uruguay
Why are Cuban migrants choosing Uruguay over other destinations?
Cubans are opting for Uruguay due to its security, open immigration policies, legal stability, and employment opportunities, making it a more appealing option than other countries.
How has the Cuban population in Uruguay changed over recent years?
Between 2012 and 2023, Cubans made up 20% of all immigrants to Uruguay, with significant increases in school enrollments and refugee applications, reflecting a substantial rise in the Cuban community.
What are the financial implications of migrating to Uruguay for Cubans?
Migrating to Uruguay is considerably less expensive than to the U.S., costing around $3,200 compared to up to $10,000 for the journey to the United States.